The main aim of the current paper is to investigate the effect of different traffic conditions on urban road traffic noise. It is evident that different traffic conditions would play the role in the urban traffic flow considering the dynamic nature of the traffic flow on one hand and presence of traffic lights, roundabouts, etc. The eight systematic reviews were based on several health outcomes – cardiovascular and metabolic effects, annoyance, effects on sleep, cognitive impairment, hearing impairment and tinnitus, adverse birth outcomes, and quality of life, mental-health and well-being – and the effectiveness of interventions in reducing noise exposure and health impacts.Road traffic noise is one of the most relevant sources in the environmental noise pollution of the urban areas where dynamics of the traffic flow are much more complicated than uninterrupted traffic flows. The guidelines are underpinned by eight peer-reviewed systematic reviews of the pertinent literature in order to incorporate the significant research since the publication of the WHO Night Noise Guidelines for Europe in 2009. In addition, an external review group provided valuable comments, whilst the WHO steering group oversaw implementation of the project. A guideline development group was appointed to define the scope and key questions of the guidelines, and developed the recommendations based on the distilled evidence provided by the systematic review team. Two independent groups of merited experts from the environmental noise community were instrumental in their development. The development process of the current guidelines adhered to a new, rigorous, evidence-based methodology.
use of long-term average noise exposure indicators to better predict adverse health outcomes, compared to short-term noise exposure measures.the systematic reviews of evidence define the relationship between noise exposure and risk of health outcome and.use of a standardized approach to assess the evidence.inclusion of new noise sources, namely wind turbine noise and leisure noise, in addition to noise from transportation (aircraft, rail and road traffic).stronger evidence of cardiovascular and metabolic effects of environmental noise.It should be recognized that in that process additional considerations of costs, feasibility, values and preferences also feature in decision-making when choosing reference values such as noise limits for a possible standard or legislation.Ĭompared to previous WHO guidelines on noise, there are five significant developments in the 2018 version: They are strong recommendations and as such should serve as the basis for policy-making processes. The WHO guideline values are public health-oriented recommendations, based on scientific evidence of the health effects and on an assessment of achievable noise levels. The Environmental Noise Guidelines aim to support the legislation and policy-making process on local, national and international level. These sources are: road traffic noise, railway noise, aircraft noise, wind turbine noise and leisure noise. They set health-based recommendations on average environmental noise exposure of five relevant sources of environmental noise. The WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region provide guidance on protecting human health from harmful exposure to environmental noise.
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